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The Origins of Tango: A Journey Until 1900
The history of Argentine tango is deeply intertwined with the cultural and social evolution of Buenos Aires. Emerging in the late 19th century, tango was shaped by the fusion of European, African, and indigenous influences. Below is a timeline summarizing the key milestones of tango’s early development until 1900.
1850s – The Foundation of Buenos Aires’ Cultural Mix
During this decade, Buenos Aires saw a massive influx of immigrants, primarily from Spain, Italy, and France, alongside Afro-Argentine and indigenous communities. The city became a melting pot of cultures, laying the groundwork for tango’s rhythmic and melodic diversity.
1860s – Early Musical Influences
Buenos Aires’ working-class neighborhoods were filled with milongas (dance gatherings) where different musical styles merged. European dances like the waltz, polka, and mazurka mixed with local rhythms such as the candombe (Afro-Argentine drumming traditions). The habanera from Cuba also played a crucial role in shaping early tango rhythms.
1870s – The Rise of Payadores and Milonga Music
A key precursor to tango was the milonga campera, a style of folk music performed by payadores (itinerant singers/poets) in rural areas. Their improvised lyrics and melancholic melodies later influenced urban tango lyrics and themes.
1880s – Birth of the Early Tango
With Buenos Aires expanding rapidly, migrants and working-class communities gathered in conventillos (tenement houses) and brothels, where early tango music and dance developed. These places became cultural hubs where tango evolved as an expression of longing, passion, and nostalgia.
Instruments such as the guitar, flute, and violin were commonly used in early tango ensembles.
First tango dances emerged in these underground venues, blending elements of African candombe, European polka, and criollo folk traditions.
1890s – The Consolidation of Tango
By the end of the 19th century, tango had become a defined musical genre and dance form, though it was still considered a lower-class entertainment. Some key developments included:
The bandoneón, a German instrument, was introduced, replacing the flute and becoming the soul of tango music.
Tango began to be played in cafés, dance halls, and theaters, gaining popularity beyond the brothels.
The first known tango lyrics appeared, reflecting themes of love, hardship, and immigrant life.
By 1900 – 1910: Tango Spreads to the Mainstream
As the 20th century approached, tango slowly moved into middle-class society. Although it was still seen as a provocative dance, its rhythm and style captivated audiences. During the early 1900s, tango music and dance gained more structure, and the first formal tango orchestras began to appear.
1902: Angel Villoldo, one of the first great tango composers, recorded El Choclo, an iconic early tango piece.
1907: The first tango recordings were made in Paris, further propelling the genre internationally.
1908: The dance started gaining acceptance in respectable salons of Buenos Aires.
1910: Tango began to spread to Europe, especially France, where it created a sensation in high society.
This period set the stage for the Golden Age of Tango, which would flourish in the following decades, solidifying tango’s place as an internationally recognized and revered dance and musical genre.